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Separaciones

Esta API permite usar separaciones en una amplia variedad de contextos.

Para una optima experiencia de usuario, las interfaces de material design necesitan ser capaces de adaptar su layout a varias separaciones. Material-UI usa una implementación simplificada de la especificación original.

The breakpoints are used internally in various components to make them responsive, but you can also take advantage of them for controlling the layout of your application through the Grid component.

Default breakpoints

Cada separación (una llave) coincide con el ancho de pantalla fijo (un valor):

  • xs extra-pequeño: 0px
  • sm pequeño: 600px
  • md, medium: 900px
  • lg, large: 1200px
  • xl, extra-large: 1536px

These values can be customized.

CSS Media Queries

CSS media queries are the idiomatic approach to make your UI responsive. The theme provides four styles helpers to do so:

In the following demo, we change the background color (red, blue & green) based on the screen width.

value         |0px     600px    960px    1280px   1920px
key           |xs      sm       md       lg       xl
screen width  |--------|--------|--------|--------|-------->
range         |   xs   |   sm   |   md   |   lg   |   xl

down(sm): red

up(md): blue

up(lg): green

<Root>
  <Typography>{'down(sm): red'}</Typography>
  <Typography>{'up(md): blue'}</Typography>
  <Typography>{'up(lg): green'}</Typography>
</Root>

JavaScript Media Queries

Sometimes, using CSS isn't enough. You might want to change the React rendering tree based on the breakpoint value, in JavaScript.

useMediaQuery hook

You can learn more on the useMediaQuery page.

Custom breakpoints

You define your project's breakpoints in the theme.breakpoints section of your theme.

  • theme.breakpoints.values: Default to the above values. The keys are your screen names, and the values are the min-width where that breakpoint should start.
  • theme.breakpoints.unit: Default to px. The unit used for the breakpoint's values.
  • theme.breakpoints.step: Default to 5 (0.05px). The increment used to implement exclusive breakpoints.

If you change the default breakpoints's values, you need to provide them all:

const theme = createTheme({
  breakpoints: {
    values: {
      xs: 0,
      sm: 600,
      md: 900,
      lg: 1200,
      xl: 1536,
    },
  },
});

Feel free to have as few or as many breakpoints as you want, naming them in whatever way you'd prefer for your project.

const theme = createTheme({
  breakpoints: {
    values: {
      mobile: 0,
      tablet: 640,
      laptop: 1024,
      desktop: 1200,
    },
  },
});

If you are using TypeScript, you would also need to use module augmentation for the theme to accept the above values.

declare module '@material-ui/core/styles' {
  interface BreakpointOverrides {
    xs: false; // removes the `xs` breakpoint
    sm: false;
    md: false;
    lg: false;
    xl: false;
    mobile: true; // adds the `mobile` breakpoint
    tablet: true;
    laptop: true;
    desktop: true;
  }
}

API

theme.breakpoints.up(key) => media query

Argumentos

  1. key (string | number): A breakpoint key (xs, sm, etc.) or a screen width number in px.

Regresa

media query: A media query string ready to be used with most styling solutions, which matches screen widths greater than and including the screen size given by the breakpoint key.

Ejemplos

const styles = (theme) => ({
  root: {
    backgroundColor: 'blue',
    // Match [md, ∞)
    //       [900px, ∞)
    [theme.breakpoints.up('md')]: {
      backgroundColor: 'red',
    },
  },
});

theme.breakpoints.down(key) => media query

Argumentos

  1. key (string | number): A breakpoint key (xs, sm, etc.) or a screen width number in px.

Regresa

media query: A media query string ready to be used with most styling solutions, which matches screen widths less than and including the screen size given by the breakpoint key.

Ejemplos

const styles = (theme) => ({
  root: {
    backgroundColor: 'blue',
    // Match [0, md)
    //       [0, 900px)
    [theme.breakpoints.down('md')]: {
      backgroundColor: 'red',
    },
  },
});

theme.breakpoints.only(key) => media query

Argumentos

  1. key (string): A breakpoint key (xs, sm, etc.).

Regresa

media query: A media query string ready to be used with most styling solutions, which matches screen widths including the screen size given by the breakpoint key.

Ejemplos

const styles = (theme) => ({
  root: {
    backgroundColor: 'blue',
    // Match [md, md + 1)
    //       [md, lg)
    //       [900px, 1200px)
    [theme.breakpoints.only('md')]: {
      backgroundColor: 'red',
    },
  },
});

theme.breakpoints.between(start, end) => media query

Argumentos

  1. start (string): A breakpoint key (xs, sm, etc.) or a screen width number in px.
  2. end (string): A breakpoint key (xs, sm, etc.) or a screen width number in px.

Regresa

media query: A media query string ready to be used with most styling solutions, which matches screen widths greater than the screen size given by the breakpoint key in the first argument and less than the the screen size given by the breakpoint key in the second argument.

Ejemplos

const styles = (theme) => ({
  root: {
    backgroundColor: 'blue',
    // Match [sm, md)
    //       [600px, 900px)
    [theme.breakpoints.between('sm', 'md')]: {
      backgroundColor: 'red',
    },
  },
});

Default values

You can explore the default values of the breakpoints using the theme explorer or by opening the dev tools console on this page (window.theme.breakpoints).