Grid

El grid responsive de Material Design se adapta al tamaño y orientación de la pantalla, garantizando la consistencia en todos los diseños.

La cuadrícula crea consistencia visual en la distribución de elementos a la vez que permite flexibilidad en una amplia variedad de diseños. Material Design's responsive UI is based on a 12-column grid layout.

⚠️ The Grid component shouldn't be confused with a data grid; it is closer to a layout grid. For a data grid head to the DataGrid component.

Cómo funciona

El sistema de cuadrícula se implementa con el componente Grid:

It uses CSS's Flexible Box module for high flexibility.
Hay dos tipos de layout:contenedores (containers) y elementos (items).
Item widths are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element.
Los elementos tienen padding para crear el espacio entre los elementos individuales.
Hay cinco puntos de interrupción de la cuadrícula: xs, sm, md, lg y xl.
Se pueden dar valores enteros a cada punto de interrupción, indicando cuántas de las 12 columnas disponibles están ocupadas por el componente cuando el ancho de la vista se ajusta a las restricciones del breakpoint .

**Si recién comienzas y no estás familiarizado con flexbox **, te recomendamos leer la siguiente guía CSS-Tricks flexbox.

Grids fluidos

El fluid grid usa columnas que escalan y redimensionan el contenido. A fluid grid's layout can use breakpoints to determine if the layout needs to change dramatically.

Grid básica

Column widths are integer values between 1 and 12; they apply at any breakpoint and indicate how many columns are occupied by the component.

A value given to a breakpoint applies to all the other breakpoints wider than it (unless overridden, as you can read later in this page). For example, xs={12} sizes a component to occupy the whole viewport width regardless of its size.

xs=8

xs=4

xs=8

<Grid container spacing={2}>
  <Grid item xs={8}>
    <Item>xs=8</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={4}>
    <Item>xs=4</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={4}>
    <Item>xs=4</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={8}>
    <Item>xs=8</Item>
  </Grid>
</Grid>

Grid con breakpoints

Components may have multiple widths defined, causing the layout to change at the defined breakpoint. Width values given to larger breakpoints override those given to smaller breakpoints.

For example, xs={12} sm={6} sizes a component to occupy half of the viewport width (6 columns) when viewport width is 600 or more pixels. For smaller viewports, the component fills all 12 available columns.

xs=6 md=8

xs=6 md=4

xs=6 md=8

<Grid container spacing={2}>
  <Grid item xs={6} md={8}>
    <Item>xs=6 md=8</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={6} md={4}>
    <Item>xs=6 md=4</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={6} md={4}>
    <Item>xs=6 md=4</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={6} md={8}>
    <Item>xs=6 md=8</Item>
  </Grid>
</Grid>

Espaciado

To control space between children, use the spacing prop. The spacing value can be any positive number, including decimals and any string. The prop is converted into a CSS property using the theme.spacing() helper.

Responsive values

You can switch the props' value based on the active breakpoint. For instance, we can implement the "recommended" responsive layout grid of Material Design.

xs=2

<Grid container spacing={{ xs: 2, md: 3 }} columns={{ xs: 4, sm: 8, md: 12 }}>
  {Array.from(Array(6)).map((_, index) => (
    <Grid item xs={2} sm={4} md={4} key={index}>
      <Item>xs=2</Item>
    </Grid>
  ))}
</Grid>

Responsive values is supported by:

columns
columnSpacing
direction
rowSpacing
spacing
all the other props of the system

⚠️ When using a responsive columns prop, each grid item needs its corresponding breakpoint. For instance, this is not working. The grid item misses the value for md:
<Grid container columns={{ xs: 4, md: 12 }}>
   <Grid item xs={2} />
> </Grid>

Row & column spacing

The rowSpacing and columnSpacing props allow for specifying the row and column gaps independently. It's similar to the row-gap and column-gap properties of CSS Grid.

<Grid container rowSpacing={1} columnSpacing={{ xs: 1, sm: 2, md: 3 }}>
  <Grid item xs={6}>
    <Item>1</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={6}>
    <Item>2</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={6}>
    <Item>3</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={6}>
    <Item>4</Item>
  </Grid>
</Grid>

Explora

Debajo de esta línea hay una demostración interactiva que permite explorar el resultado visual de las distintas configuraciones:

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

<Grid
  container
  direction="row"
  justifyContent="center"
  alignItems="center"
>

Auto-layout

The Auto-layout makes the items equitably share the available space. That also means you can set the width of one item and the others will automatically resize around it.

xs=6

<Grid container spacing={3}>
  <Grid item xs>
    <Item>xs</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={6}>
    <Item>xs=6</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs>
    <Item>xs</Item>
  </Grid>
</Grid>

Grid Compleja

The following demo doesn't follow the Material Design guidelines, but illustrates how the grid can be used to build complex layouts.

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Grid Anidada

The container and item props are two independent booleans; they can be combined to allow a Grid component to be both a flex container and child.

A flex container is the box generated by an element with a computed display of flex or inline-flex. In-flow children of a flex container are called flex items and are laid out using the flex layout model.

https://www.w3.org/TR/css-flexbox-1/#box-model

Item

<Grid container spacing={1}>
  <Grid container item spacing={3}>
    <FormRow />
  </Grid>
  <Grid container item spacing={3}>
    <FormRow />
  </Grid>
  <Grid container item spacing={3}>
    <FormRow />
  </Grid>
</Grid>

⚠️ Defining an explicit width to a Grid element that is flex container, flex item, and has spacing at the same time lead to unexpected behavior, avoid doing it:

<Grid spacing={1} container item xs={12}>

If you need to do such, remove one of the props.

Columns

You can change the default number of columns (12) with the columns prop.

xs=8

<Grid container spacing={2} columns={16}>
  <Grid item xs={8}>
    <Item>xs=8</Item>
  </Grid>
  <Grid item xs={8}>
    <Item>xs=8</Item>
  </Grid>
</Grid>

Limitaciones

Margen negativo

The spacing between items is implemented with a negative margin. This might lead to unexpected behaviors. For instance, to apply a background color, you need to apply display: flex; to the parent.

white-space: nowrap;

La configuración inicial en los elementos flex es min-width: auto. Esto causa un conflicto en el posicionamiento cuando el hijo está usando white-space: nowrap;. Puede experimentar este problema con:

<Grid item xs>
  <Typography noWrap>

Para que el item permanezca dentro del contenedor necesita establecer min-width: 0. In practice, you can set the zeroMinWidth prop:

<Grid item xs zeroMinWidth>
  <Typography noWrap>

Truncation should be conditionally applicable on this long line of text as this is a much longer line than what the container can support.

direction: column | column-reverse

The xs, sm, md, lg, and xl props are not supported within direction="column" and direction="column-reverse" containers.

They define the number of grids the component will use for a given breakpoint. They are intended to control width using flex-basis in row containers but they will impact height in column containers. If used, these props may have undesirable effects on the height of the Grid item elements.

CSS Grid Layout

The Grid component is using CSS flexbox internally. But as seen below, you can easily use the system and CSS Grid to layout your pages.

xs=8

xs=4

xs=8

<Box display="grid" gridTemplateColumns="repeat(12, 1fr)" gap={2}>
  <Box gridColumn="span 8">
    <Item>xs=8</Item>
  </Box>
  <Box gridColumn="span 4">
    <Item>xs=4</Item>
  </Box>
  <Box gridColumn="span 4">
    <Item>xs=4</Item>
  </Box>
  <Box gridColumn="span 8">
    <Item>xs=8</Item>
  </Box>
</Box>

System props

As a CSS utility component, the Grid supports all system properties. You can use them as props directly on the component. For instance, a padding:

<Grid item p={2}>

API

<Grid />